Product types
What the words on a menu mean, written for someone choosing in an unfamiliar country.
Strengths vary enormously between products and countries, and the numbers below are typical ranges rather than promises. A menu always beats a guide: read the label, and ask staff what a serving is.
Flower (bud)
The dried flower of the plant, sold loose by weight and usually smoked or vaporised.
- Typical strength
- Commonly 15–25% THC, occasionally above 30%.
- How long it takes
- Within minutes, easing after 1–3 hours.
Sold by the gram almost everywhere. The strain name tells you far less than the tested percentage on the label.
Pre-rolls
Flower already rolled and ready to smoke.
- Typical strength
- The same as the flower inside — check the gram weight, typically 0.5–1g.
- How long it takes
- Within minutes.
Convenient, and the easiest way to buy a small, known amount. Some are infused with concentrate and are far stronger than they look.
Edibles
Food or drink containing cannabis — gummies, chocolate, baked goods, drinks.
- Typical strength
- Sold per piece, often 2.5–10mg THC. A whole pack may hold 100mg.
- How long it takes
- 30 minutes to 2 hours, lasting 4–8 hours.
The one category people most often get wrong. The delay tempts a second dose before the first has arrived. Take one serving and wait two hours.
Concentrates (extracts)
Cannabis resin extracted into wax, shatter, rosin or live resin.
- Typical strength
- 60–90% THC — several times the potency of flower.
- How long it takes
- Seconds to minutes.
Intended for experienced use and specific equipment. A portion looks tiny compared with flower because it is.
Vapes
A cartridge or pen holding cannabis oil, heated rather than burned.
- Typical strength
- Usually 60–90% THC in the oil.
- How long it takes
- Within minutes.
Discreet and easy to over-do, because a draw takes a second and there is no visible amount to gauge. Note that vaping is banned in some places where smoking is not.
Hash
Compressed resin, traditional across Morocco, Spain, the Netherlands and South Asia.
- Typical strength
- 20–60% THC depending on the method.
- How long it takes
- Within minutes.
Traditional hash and modern extracts differ enormously in strength — ask which you are being sold.
Capsules
Measured oral doses in a pill, common in medical programmes.
- Typical strength
- Precisely labelled, often 2.5–10mg per capsule.
- How long it takes
- 30 minutes to 2 hours, like an edible.
The most predictable format, because the dose is fixed and stated.
Oils and tinctures
Liquid cannabis extract taken by dropper, usually under the tongue.
- Typical strength
- Labelled per millilitre or per drop; ranges widely.
- How long it takes
- 15–45 minutes under the tongue, longer if swallowed.
The dominant medical format in many countries, and often the only legal one.
Topicals
Creams, balms and patches applied to the skin.
- Typical strength
- Varies; most are not intended to reach the bloodstream.
- How long it takes
- Local effect within the hour.
Usually the least restricted category, and the only one that is not intoxicating when used as intended.
CBD-only products
Products with cannabidiol and little or no THC.
- Typical strength
- THC typically capped by law at 0.2–1% depending on the country.
- How long it takes
- Depends on the format.
Legal in many places where THC is not — but the threshold differs by country, and a product legal at home may not be legal on arrival.